General keyboard Shortcut Keys

Computer Shortcut Keys

ESC                               :      Cancel the current task

F1                                   :     Help

F2                                   :     Rename the folder

F3                                     :      Search a folder or documents.

F4                                     :      Show the Address bar.

F5                                     :      Refresh

F6                                     :      Cycle he cursor from one to another point.

F7                                     :      Spell grammar checking

F10                                   :      Active the menu bar.

F11                                   :       Full Screen.

CTRL +A                     :       Select all the text in file or documents.

CTRL + C                    :       Copy the document or file.

CTRL + x                     :    Cut the document or file.

CTRL + V                    :     Paste the document or file.

CTRL + Z                    :     Undo or get back the file.

DELETE                      :    Delete the select file.

SHIFT + DELETE      :   Delete the selected file or document permanently  without placing the item in the Recycle Bin.

CTRL + F4                                         :         Close the active document or file or new tab file in programs.

CTRL +ESC                                      :       Display the start menu.

CTRL +SHIFT +ESC                     :     Open task manager.

CTRL+while dragging an item    :      Copy the file or document.

CTRL+SHIFT while 
Dragging an item                            :       Create a shortcut to the selected file or document.

CTRL + RIGHT ARROW              :       Move the insert point to the beginning of the next word.

CTRL + LEFT ARROW                  :       Move the insert point to the beginning of the previous word .

CTRL +DOWN ARROW               :        Move the insert point to the beginning of the next paragraph.

CTRL + UP ARROW                      :         Move the insert point to the beginning of the  previous paragraph.

CTRL + SHIFT with
any of the arrow keys                    :         Highlight a block of text or document.

SHIFT with any of the 
arrow keys                                        :         Select more than one file in a window or on desktop.

ALT + ENTER                                  :        View the task bar and menu bar properties .

ALT + F4                                            :         Close the current file or document .

ALT + SPACEBAR                          :        Open the active document in programs

ALT +ESC                                          :          Cycle through file or documents in the order that they had been opened.

SHIFT +F10                                     :         Display the shortcut menu for the selected file or documents.

ALT + SPACE BAR  + X               :       Display the system menu for the minimize.

ALT +U                                              :       Underlined letter in a menu name

RIGHT ARROW                             :       Open the next menu to the right,or open a sub menu

LEFT ARROW                                :      Open the next menu to the lift, or close a sub menu

BACKSPACE                                   :      View the folder one level up in my computer or windows explorer

Window Key 💞            :     Open or close the start menu.

Window Key 💞  + B   :     Show the hidden icons.

Window Key 💞  + D   :     Display the desktop 

Window Key 💞  +  E   :    Open the my computer.

Window Key 💞  +  F   :     Search the file or folder.

CTRL + Window Key 💞  + F  :  Search the computer domain.

Window Key 💞  +  L     :    Lock the computer.

Window Key 💞  +  M    :     Minimize the all windows .

Window Key 💞  + Shift + M   :    Restore all the windows.

Window Key 💞 +  N     :    Open the Microsoft  office word pad.

Window Key 💞  + P     :    Computer connections.

Window Key 💞  + R    :    Run command

Window Key 💞  + T    :   Cycle the tabs from one to another in the task bar. 

Window Key 💞  +  U  :   Open the quick access common tools.

Window Key 💞  +  X  :   Open the windows mobility center.

Window Key 💞 + Any Number  : Open the task bar icons.

CTRL + ALT + ➡️    :     Display the right screen option.

CTRL + ALT +  ⬅️   :     Display the left screen Option.

CTRL + ALT +  ⬆️     :     Display the top screen Option.

CTRL + ALT + ⬇️      :     Display the bottom Screen Options.

Notepad Short Cut Keys

Ctrl   + A                 :         Select all the text.

Ctrl  +  C                :          Copy the text.

Ctrl   + V                :          Paste the text.

Ctrl   + F                 :           Find What.

Ctrl   + G                :           Go TO.

Ctrl   + H               :           Replace .

Ctrl   + N                :          Open the new text. 

Ctrl   + O                :          Open the previous document.

Ctrl   + P                :          Print the document.

Ctrl   + S                :           Save the document.

Ctrl   + X               :           Cut the text. 

Ctrl   + Y                :          Redo (Delete) 

Ctrl   + Z               :           Undo ( Get back the data)

F1                            :             Help

F3                           :             Next

F5                           :             Display the time and data.                             

Hardware Components | Block Diagram of Computer

Q. What is Hardware ?

A.Hardware is nothing but a collection of components, which is taking data from the user and doing the process and get the results in the output.

The major components of a digital computer are shown in the following block diagram. They are CPU, memory,input devices and output devices. The input and output devices are also called as computer peripherals of a computer.

• It accepts the data or instructions by the way of input.
• It stores the data in the memory unit.
• It can process the data as required by the user.
• It gives results in the form of output .
• It controls all operation inside a computer.

A structure of a CPU is shown below diagram.

Block Diagram of a computer

1. CPU 

CPU means Central Processing Unit. The CPU is consider as a heart of a computer which can do the any operations  easily given by the user and without CPU no operations cannot be done. The primary function of a CPU is to be execute the programs.

The CPU again contains sub units . They are :-

1. Control Unit (CU)

2. Arithmetic & Logical Unit (ALU) 

3. Memory Unit (Registers)

• Control unit generates the timing and control signals that are necessary to execute the instructions.  It can control the entire operations of a computer.
• The function of an ALU is to perform the arithmetic operations such as Additions, Subtraction, Multiplication & Division. It can also perform the certain the logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, EXCLUSIVE OR. 
• Registers are used to store the temporary memory results and data while performing certain operations.

2. Memory

The main purpose of memory is to store the information. Basically the memory are 2 types of memory is used in a computer. They are :
a) Primary memory or main memory.
b) Secondary memory or auxiliary memory.

• Primary memory is volatile in nature i.e the information stored on primary memory will be lost when the computer is switched off.
• The information written to a hard disk is permanent .
• TO improve the performance of the computer several other memories are used such as as cache memory, virtual memory etc.

In technology point of view, we have 2 types of memories,they are;

1. Semiconductor memory
2. Magnetic memory

Semiconductor memory is static,faster,lighter,smaller in size and it consumes the less power. Generally this type of memory is available as main memory.

Magnetic memory is slower but cheaper when compared to semiconductor memory. It is used as secondary memory and backup for mass storage of information.

            

Ex:- RAM, ROM, EPROM are examples for semiconductor memory. 

Ex:- Hard disk, floppy disk, tape are examples for magnetic memory.

3. Input devices

A information is entered into the computer through input devices. An input device converts input information into suitable binary from acceptable to a computer. One commonly used input device is keyboard. Other input devices include mouse, joystick, light pen, touch screen, track balls etc., Now a days voice input systems are also have been developed.

4. Output devices

Output devices receive results and other information from the computer and provides them to the users.The computer usually sends the information in the form of binary coded representation. Then output device converts it into user understandable and provides the output to the users.

Definition Of a Computer

Definition Of Computer 

A computer is an "Electronic Device" or a "Machine" which is mainly used to taking the input data from the user and doing the arithmetical & logical operations by the CPU (Central Processing unit) and then finally get the information from the machine is called a "Computer".

It can also store the data or information in the machine and it can retrieve the information whenever we want the data.

1) Data: A data is nothing but more collections of the basic  Facts & Figures with out any sequence. when the data is collected as facts & figures then there is no meaning at the time. 
Example : Name Of The Student, Name Of The Employee, Name Of The Trainer .

2) Processing: 'Processing' is the set of instructions that is given by the user or related  data which is very meaningful information for the user. The Work of processing  is may be like as Calculations, Comparisons, or Decisions taken by the computer.

3) Information: Information is one of the end point or final output of any processing work is called Information. 

A computer is consists of  2 major components . They are :

1) Hardware
2) Software

➤ Hardware
Hardware is nothing but a collection of  physical components in a computer which can touch the parts physically. They are classified in to different types.They are :

1) CPU  (Central Processing Unit)

2) Ram (Random Access Memory)

3) Rom (Read Only Memory)

4) Hard disc

5) CD - Drive (Compact Disc Drive)

6) Mother Board 

7) Keyboard

8) Mouse

9) Cooling Fan

10) Registers

11) CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor)

12) SMPS  (Switch Mode Power Supply)